• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    CRANE The invention relates to a crane (1a, 1b), in particular an overhead crane or overhead crane, comprising at least one crane girder (2) which extends horizontally and is designed as a truss with a plurality of tie rods (5), on which girder a crane car (9) having a lifting gear can be moved, at least some of the tie rods (5) having a flat shape. In order to provide a crane (1a, 1b), in particular an overhead crane or overhead crane, with an improved crane beam (2), the present invention proposes that each of the tie rod arms (5) be flat in shape. has a main surface (5a) which extends in each case transversely to a longitudinal direction LR) of the crane beam (2).
    公开号:BR112014018580B1
    申请号:R112014018580-8
    申请日:2013-03-28
    公开日:2021-05-18
    发明作者:Christoph Passmann；Richard Kreisner；Michael Karden；Thomas Schlierbach- Knobloch
    申请人:Konecranes Global Corporation；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [001] The invention relates to a crane, in particular an elevated crane or overhead crane, comprising at least one crane beam, which extends horizontally and is designed as a beam or a truss with a plurality of tie rods , on which beam a crane car having a lifting gear can be moved, on which at least some of the stays are designed having a flat shape.
    [002] German patent specification DE 260030 discloses a so-called double girder overhead crane comprising two horizontal crane girders and two vertical support beams, which form an overhead crane structure. Crane beams extend in parallel and at spaced intervals with respect to one another. Arranged at each of the lower ends of the support beams is a travel mechanism by which the overhead crane can be moved in a travel direction extending transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the crane beams. A crane car having a cable winch can be moved over and along the crane beams.
    [003] According to the design as a double girder crane, a means of lifting load from the cable winch arranged on the crane carriage is lowered or raised between the two girders of the crane. The crane beams are formed as a truss and comprise in each case an upper and a lower race, which are directed horizontally and parallel to each other. The upper lane and the lower lane of the two crane girders are connected to each other by columns formed as a vertically extending rod and trusses formed as a diagonally extending rod. The two crane beams are connected to each other at their ends by means of rods and cross tie rods to form a frame. Columns and trusses formed as a rod are provided along the longitudinal direction of the crane girders between the upper race and the lower race as a kind of truss and each of them connects an upper race to the lower and vertically arranged lower race.
    [004] German utility model patent document DE 1 971 794 U describes a double girder elevated crane in which the two horizontal crane girders are connected to each other by means of crossbeams (main) arranged on their respective ends thereof and can be moved together in a direction of travel extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the crane beams. Both crane girders are designed in a similar way as truss girders and each comprise upper tracks formed as a plate, lower tracks formed as a rod and columns formed as rods.
    [005] German patent specification DE 31 09 834 C2 refers to a tower crane having a mast and a crane jib, which are formed as truss beam structures. The cuboid mast comprises four vertically directed, L-shaped support beams, of which two adjacent support beams are each connected to each other by means of triangular plates. In this case, the plates are fixed with their apex regions and/or one of their sides to the support beams. At least some of the sides of the plates are bent and form stiffening tabs.
    [006] In addition, the German patent document published under No. DE 1 759 120 A already discloses a crane girder, which typically comprises an upper track and a lower track, which are stiffened in such a way as a bracket and through panels and are connected to each other. The panels have a symmetrical trapezoid shape and consist of sheet panels having folded outer contour edges. Two openings are also provided in the panel to reduce weight.
    [007] A further German patent document published under No. DE 1 907 455 A discloses a support in which the upper race and the lower race are connected by means of tie rods which are formed in one piece from a flat profile. extending in a zigzag manner. The flat profile has a cross section formed like a channel, angular and like a wave.
    [008] Additionally, US patent No. US 4,621,475 B already discloses a support in which the tie rods are also designed as flat profiles which are folded back on both sides outside the ends. The flat ends of the tie rods are welded to the upper and lower raceways of the support and the flat profiles extend as a whole in a vertical plane and parallel to the longitudinal extension of the support.
    [009] The US patent application published under No. US 2005/0055951 A1 also discloses an additional support, in which the tie rods comprise between the upper race and the lower race a cross section which changes starting from the ends of the tie rods to the center of them.
    [010] The descriptive report of the German patent application DE 1 095 486 B discloses a crane beam which is designed as a support and comprises T-profiles as the tie rods.
    [011] Additionally, Chinese utility model CN 201 932 820 U and Korean patent application KR 2011 0020286 A reveal crane beams designed as box beams.
    [012] The aim of the present invention is to provide a crane, in particular an elevated crane or an overhead crane, comprising at least one improved crane girder.
    [013] This objective is achieved by means of a crane, in particular an elevated crane or overhead crane having the features of claim 1. The subordinate claims 2 to 13 describe the advantageous embodiments of the invention.
    [014] In the case of a crane, in particular an elevated crane or an overhead crane, comprising at least one crane girder which extends horizontally and is designed as a truss having a plurality of trusses on whose girder a carriage of crane with a lifting gear can be moved, in which the at least one crane girder is advantageously improved in that at least some of the stays are designed to have a flat shape and each of the stays with a flat shape has a flat main surface which extends in each case transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the crane beam, the tie rods with a flat shape have an elongated shape and comprise in the region of their longitudinal sides in each case at least one auxiliary surface fold which joins the main surface and at least one auxiliary surface is pointed transversely with respect to direction l longitudinal aspect of the crane girder, that the ties have opposite truss ends, the auxiliary surfaces are arranged on the outside of the truss ends and the length of the auxiliary surface is at the rate of about 40% to 70% of the total length of the tie rod.
    [015] In this case, the phrase "across with respect to the longitudinal direction" is implied to mean as seen in the longitudinal direction of the crane beam the main surfaces extend right and left and extend in one way ascending and descending. In particular, the bending/warping force of the stays with a flat shape and thus also of the crane beam of an overhead crane or portal crane is improved by the fact that the stays with a flat shape, each of them , has the above-described planar main surface which extends in each case transversely with respect to a longitudinal direction of the crane beam. In this case, the supporting elements of a construction of a truss which has an oblique or diagonal progression are generally considered to be trusses.
    [016] Hence, therefore, the tie rods of a truss construction differ from the support elements which extend exclusively in a vertical manner and are designated as columns/pillars. Furthermore, the stays with a flat shape or the surface stays preferably absorb forces in the direction of their longitudinal axis and thus in the flat extension of their main planar surfaces. Such surface elements or supporting surface structures are designated in technical mechanics as disks, whereas surface elements which are loaded perpendicular to their extension plane or main surface are designated as plates. Discs and therefore also inventive surface tie rods differ, for example, from bars or columns/pillars in the form of bars and tie rods in that their dimension of thickness is substantially smaller than the dimensions of length and of width which determine the two-dimensional extent of the disk. Consequently, the stays according to the present invention with a flat shape can also be referred to as surface stays or disc stays.
    [017] In contrast to conventional crane girders with a box girder design, the crane girders according to the present invention are characterized in particular by the fact that the manufacturing cost and the diversity of parts can be reduced. Even more, crane girders produced with the stays with a flat shape according to the present invention as truss beams have a considerably reduced intrinsic weight and at the same time have an improved load-bearing capacity as a result of omitting regions of statistically not required sheet metal and a reduction in material associated with their fabrication.
    [018] Unlike the case of conventional tie rods, which are designed with rolling profiles in the form of bars, the dimensions, in particular the length and width of the main surface extending transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the crane girder, of a tie rod according to the present invention with a flat shape, can be freely selected by the corresponding selection of sheet metal thickness. In contrast to this factor, conventional rolling profiles which are designed, for example, with "U", "L" or "T" shaped profile can only be obtained according to a standard series with fixed dimensions and forces in such a way that, for example, in the case of a desired tie-rod width, the additional dimensions of the rolling profile are fixed and cannot be freely selected.
    [019] In the case of crane girders which are improved according to the invention, the risk of cambering of the individual crane girder regions can be reduced to a particular extent through the use of tie rods with a flat shape.
    [020] The above mentioned advantages are further amplified by the fact that all tie rods are designed having a flat shape. Therefore, in contrast to the construction of conventional truss beams, tie rods with a bar shape can be replaced by tie rods according to the present invention with a flat and uniformly designed shape. This results in a considerable advantage when manufacturing as the upper and lower tracks of the crane girder are positioned or are spaced apart by the tie rods in accordance with the invention. In particular, it is not necessary to individually orient a plurality of rod-shaped tie rods which are arranged close together, as seen transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the crane beam, since as seen transversely as regards the longitudinal direction of the crane beam only one tie rod according to the invention is arranged which correspondingly extends in terms of its surface transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction. Rods with a bar shape which in the case of conventional truss beams are arranged transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction in parallel close to each other are, therefore, represented by a single rod with a flat shape.
    [021] It is also advantageously provided that the main surfaces of the stays extend over at least half the width of the crane girder.
    [022] Manufacturing costs are reduced to a particular extent by the fact that each of the tie rods with a flat shape is produced from a laser cut steel sheet.
    [023] In an ideal truss, the bars are mounted in an articulated manner, in such a way that only tension and compression forces can be absorbed. In actual truss girder constructions, such as a crane girder according to the invention, tie plates are used with a conventional design in order to transfer any bends in the bars and to distribute the forces in such a way that stress peaks minimums occur. However these binding plates tend only to have a fatigue with respect to forces for a finite life. Problems in particular are presented by situations with the truss in which the centroid axes of the bars do not coincide in the connection plate. In this case, secondary folds are produced, which have to be absorbed by the connecting plates.
    [024] Due to the main and auxiliary surfaces, the present invention avoids the disadvantage of a connection plate in which by means of a projected weakening of the diagonal tie with the risk of bending in the region of the ends of the tie, which are secured by welding in the upper and lower races, an elastic and planar “bonding plate” which can also be referred to as a union membrane is formed. This joining membrane also elastically absorbs secondary folds. The joining membrane does not require any additional structural cost and considerably increases the service life of the truss because no geometric structural grooves are present which can lead to an increase in tension.
    [025] This construction also makes it possible, in the case of an overhead crane, to change the length of the various spacing widths, to vary the spacings between the diagonal tie rods. As a result, it is possible to change the length of the crane beams in a simple way.
    [026] In contrast to conventional tie rods which are designed as standardized rolling profiles, the structure of the tie rods can thus be freely configured by means of a corresponding laser cut.
    [027] A structurally simple design is improved by the fact that the tie rods, as seen in the direction of their longitudinal axes, have an “L”, “U” or “Z” shaped cross section, as seen at the level of their surfaces auxiliaries. The above-mentioned cross-sections are particularly advantageous for a high resistance against warping of tie rods with a flat shape.
    [028] Advantageously, it is also provided that lower and upper recesses are provided on the main surfaces of the stays on their longitudinal sides and an opening is provided on their narrow undersides, which are arranged in each case on the region of a first and/or a second end of the tie. Consequently, with respect to welding the tie rods in the upper and lower races of the crane girder, the flow of force is improved by the welded tie rods and the weld seams or weld seam ends are relieved. When the crane is used outdoors, the opening allows any rainwater that may accumulate to flow out.
    [029] A simple assembly of the tie rods is achieved, in particular, by the fact that the auxiliary surfaces are arranged between the lower and upper recesses.
    [030] An overhead crane or portal crane which is designed in a particularly advantageous manner in terms of construction and fabrication is achieved by the fact that the crane girder comprises at least one upper track which extends in a linear manner in the longitudinal direction thereof, and at least one lower track arranged parallel thereto, where the upper track and the lower track are connected to each other by means of a plurality of tie rods arranged along the longitudinal direction of the crane beam.
    [031] The risk of the upper lane or the lower lane warping is particularly efficiently reduced by the fact that the upper lane and the lower lane are connected to each other by means of a plurality of columns arranged along the longitudinal direction of the beam of crane.
    [032] The aforementioned advantages are further improved by the fact that each of the columns is arranged close to at least one tie, where each of the tie rods forms with the corresponding column a fixing angle of the same size.
    [033] An increase in the load-bearing capacity of an overhead crane or portal crane or the crane girder thereof is achieved by the fact that the columns, in a similar way to tie rods, are designed to have a flat shape.
    [034] Advantageously it can also be provided that the crane comprises two crane beams which are arranged in parallel and at an interval spaced from each other.
    [035] The manufacturing cost is reduced in particular by the fact that the tie rods and columns with a flat shape are fixed to the upper race and the lower race by means of weld seams, whose weld seams are arranged exclusively on the longitudinal sides of the respective main surfaces. This is made possible in particular by the fact that the auxiliary surfaces do not extend to the feet of the tie rods. By welding the longitudinal sides of the unbent main surfaces, the connections on the longitudinal sides, which are thus established with the corresponding members of the upper race and the lower race, form a type of joining membrane above the feet of the tie rods inserted between the limbs and below the bent auxiliary surfaces.
    [036] In order to minimize manufacturing costs, it can also be provided that each of the upper race and the lower race has members facing each other, and the tie rods and columns are welded exclusively to the inner sides of the members. Brief Description of Drawings
    [037] Two exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in greater detail with reference to the drawings, in which:
    [038] Figure 1a shows an elevated crane, designed as a single girder crane;
    [039] Figure 1b shows an elevated crane, designed as a double beam crane;
    [040] Figure 2a shows a perspective view of a crane beam according to the present invention for an elevated crane according to Figure 1a;
    [041] Figure 2b shows a perspective view of two crane girders according to the present invention for an elevated crane according to Figure 1b;
    [042] Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the crane beam according to Figure 2a;
    [043] Figure 4a shows a side view of an adapter for a crane beam; and,
    [044] Figure 4b shows a view of the adapter as seen in the longitudinal direction of the crane beam. Detailed Description of Preferred Achievement
    [045] The explanations given here below with reference to overhead cranes also apply equally to overhead cranes.
    [046] Figure 1a shows a first conventional crane 1a, which is designed as a single beam elevated crane. The first crane 1a comprises a crane beam 2, which is designed as a box beam and is directed horizontally and extends with a length L in its longitudinal direction LR. The first travel mechanism and the second travel mechanism 7, 8 are fixed to opposite ends of the crane beam 2 in such a way that a bridge crane is formed which is substantially shaped as a double T as seen in plan view. By means of travel mechanisms 7, 8, the first crane 1a can be moved in a horizontal direction of travel F transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction F transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction LR of the crane beam 2 on the rails, not illustrated. Typically, the rails are arranged in a position above the ground and for this purpose they can be raised, for example, by means of a suitable support structure or they can be attached to walls of opposite constructions. In order to move the first crane 1a or its crane beam 2, the first travel mechanism 7 is operated by a first electric motor 7a and the second travel mechanism 8 is operated by a second electric motor 8a. A crane car 9 is suspended from the crane beam 2, which has a lifting gear designed as a cable winch and can be moved by means of travel mechanism, not illustrated, transversely with respect to travel direction F of the first crane 1a and along the longitudinal direction LR of the crane girder 2. The crane carriage 9 can be moved along and over travel surfaces projecting laterally 4c from a lower track 4 of the crane girder 2. The first crane 1a also comprises a crane controller 10 and an overhead control switch 11, which is connected thereto and along the longitudinal direction LR of the crane beam 2. The crane car 9 can be moved along and over surfaces of path projecting laterally 4c from a lower runway 4 of the same crane and by means of which the first crane 1a or the electric motors 7a, 8a and the crane car 9 with the cable winch can be controlled rolled and operated separately, one from the other.
    [047] Figure 1b shows a second conventional crane 1b which is designed as a double girder overhead crane and comprises two crane jibs 2 compared to the first crane 1a designed as a single girder overhead crane. Attached to the ends of the two crane beams 2 again are travel mechanisms 7, 8, in such a way that a frame is formed as seen in a plan view. The second crane 1b also comprises a crane car 9 having a lifting gear designed as a cable winch. However, the crane car 9 is not suspended from the lower tracks 4 of the crane beams 2, but instead runs over the upper tracks 3 of the two crane beams 2. Consequently, the crane carriage 9 is centrally arranged between the crane beams 2, can be moved along the longitudinal direction LR of crane beams 2 and between the two crane beams 2. In this case, load lifting means of the cable winch arranged on the crane truck 9 can be lowered or erected between the two crane beams 2.
    [048] Hereafter, the information given with respect to the first crane 1a applies consequently to the second crane 1b.
    [049] Figure 2a shows a perspective view of a crane beam according to the present invention 2 for a crane 1a designed according to Figure 1a as a single beam elevated crane. In this case, the crane beam 2 is not conventionally designed as a box beam, but rather as a truss.
    [050] Essentially, the truss structure of the crane girder 2 comprises an upper lane 3, a lower lane 4, diagonally extending trusses 5 and vertical columns 6. The upper lane 3 and the lower lane 4 each extend of the cases, in a linear fashion, in parallel and spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction LR of the crane beam 2 between the travel mechanisms 7, 8. In this case, the upper race 3 and the lower race 4 are vertically spaced apart, one from the other. The upper runway 3 is composed of two profiles: a first upper runway profile and a second upper runway profile 3d, 3e, which are arranged in a horizontal plane and are horizontally spaced apart from each other.
    [051] The two upper track profiles 3d, 3e are formed by a beam with angular or L-shaped profile. The lower track 4 is formed by a flat profile 4b having two perpendicularly erected limbs 4a, such that approximately one cross section formatted as a U-profile is provided. In this case, the flat profile 4b is extended laterally beyond the limbs 4a (see also Figure 3). Each of the side extensions of the flat profile 4b forms a travel surface 4c for the travel mechanisms of the crane car 9, not illustrated here. Additionally, the spaced gap of the outermost edges of the upper track profiles 3d, 3e or the flat profile 4b, as seen in the longitudinal direction LR, produces a crane beam width B.
    [052] The upper track 3 and the lower track 4 are connected to each other by means of a plurality of tie rods 5, which are formed in a laminar manner, and a plurality of columns 6, which in one embodiment are formed of a similar way to a rod. In this case, the rods 5 are formed as a sheet metal profile having a main surface 5a with a substantially rectangular cross section, in which the longitudinal sides thereof are turned in the form of auxiliary surfaces 5b to intensify the resistance to warping.
    [053] The truss structure of the crane girder 2 is terminated at opposite ends of the upper race 3 and the lower race 4 by means of an adapter 12 in each case. By means of these adapters 12, the upper track 3 and the lower track 4 are connected to form a frame. Since the lower race 4 is, as a whole, shorter than the upper race 3, the adapter 12 has a diagonal progression and, as a whole, the crane beam 2 frame is extended from the bottom upwards. and is formed in a trapezoidal manner. Additionally, in the region of the upper track 3 and on the opposite side from the upper track 3, the adapter 12 comprises a connector plate 12a, on which one of the travel mechanisms 7, 8 or the beam thereof is fastened.
    [054] Starting from one of the two adapters 12 as seen in the longitudinal direction LR of the crane beam 2, a first tie rod 5 is connected to the lower raceway 4 and extends in the longitudinal direction LR inclined at a first clamping angle α1 in the direction of upper lane 3 and is stuck at that location at an upper rest point (node) OK. In this case, the first clamping angle α1 is defined by the first tie-rod 5 and a column 6 ending at the upper rest point OK. Preferably, the first fixation angle α1 is in the range of 35° to 55° and in particular is preferably 45°. At the upper rest point OK, a second tie rod 5 is joined and extends obliquely at the clamping angle α1 in a downward direction to the lower race 4. This is repeated until the tie rods 5 reach the opposite end of the crane beam 2. In this case, an equal number of tie rods 5 is always used in such a way that the last tie rod 5 ends in the lower race 4. Depending on the length L of the crane girder 2, before assembly the fixing angle α1 is determined in such a way that an equal number of tie rods 5 are used, which each have the same length and meet at the same fixing angle α1. Additionally, in the region of each of the upper rest points OK, a column 6 is further secured which extends vertically with respect to the lower track 4 and is secured at this location. As a consequence, the lower track 4, which serves as a track and for this purpose forms the running surface 4c, is reinforced to protect it against bending.
    [055] The tie rods 5 are directed inside the truss structure of the crane girder 2 in such a way that in each case its main surface 5a extends transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction LR of the crane girder 2. Additionally, the stays 5 are arranged with their first lower stay end 5g between the limbs pointing in an upward direction 4a of the lower track 4. At their second upper stay end 5h, the stays 5 are arranged between the two upper track profiles 3d, 3e, in which the inner sides of their limbs 3a are directed vertically in a level manner with respect to the limbs 4a of the lower race 4 (please refer to Figure 3), for the tie rods 5. The columns in the shape of rods 6 are also arranged between the limbs 4a of the lower track 4 and the limbs 3a of the upper track profiles 3d, 3e and are welded therewith with their inner sides. As seen transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction LR of the crane beam 2, only one tie rod 5 is always provided between the limbs 3a, 4a of the upper race 3 or lower race 4.
    [056] Additionally, it is apparent from Figure 2a that in each of the cases two vertical columns 6 are arranged between two tie rods 5, which extend obliquely or diagonally in the manner of a pitched roof. The stays 5 and the columns 6, which are placed in relation to each other in this way, come into contact with each other at the upper rest common point OK on the upper tracks 3, in which each of the stays 5 together with the column associated 6 in the region of the common rest point OK on the upper tracks 3 form a first fixation angle α1 of equal size. Therefore, because of the equal number of trusses 5 correspondingly arranged in pairs, the last truss 5 descends in one direction to the lower track 4 at both ends of the crane beam 2.
    [057] Additionally, the crane beam 2 can be adjusted by means of adapters 12 (see also Figure 4) in a dimensionally accurate manner to length L, as the adapters 12 are slid over the opposite ends of the upper race 3 of the crane beam 2, are then shifted accordingly in the longitudinal direction LR thereof and finally welded to the crane beam 2.
    [058] Figure 2b illustrates a perspective view of two crane girders 2, which are designed according to the invention as truss beams, for a crane 1b designed according to Figure 1b as a double girder elevated crane . Both crane beams 2 are adjusted by means of adapters 12, which are slid over the opposite ends (see also Figure 4), to the desired length L and are arranged spaced apart and apart from each other at parallel. Travel mechanisms 7, 8, which are also illustrated, are fixed to the ends of the two crane beams 2 by means of adapters 12.
    [059] The truss structures of the two crane girders 2 of the second crane 1b again comprise a lower track 4 and an upper track 3 longer than the lower track, which tracks are formed in one piece in the same manner than the lower track 4 of the first crane 1a. Consequently, the upper raceway 3 of each of the crane beams 2 is formed by a flat profile 3b having limbs 3a with an approximately cross-section shaped with a U-profile. The limbs 3a directed in a downward direction from the flat profiles 3b of the The upper tracks 3 and the downwardly directed limbs 4a of the flat profiles 4b of the lower tracks 4 are mutually facing each other.
    [060] The upper track 3 of each of the crane beams 2 is connected to the associated lower track 4 by means of a plurality of tie rods 5 formed in a laminar manner and a plurality of columns 6 which in a second embodiment are similarly formed in a laminar manner and are vertically directed. The base structure of the laminar columns 6, which are formed in this second embodiment corresponds - with correspondingly adapted measures - substantially to the laminar rods 5. However, instead of two columns 6 formed as a rod, only one laminar column 6 is arranged between two adjacent tie rods 5. In this case, each of the columns 6, which are formed in the second laminar embodiment, extends with its main surface 6a transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction LR of the crane beam 2 and with auxiliary surfaces 6b, which are bent at a right angle to it, in this longitudinal direction LR. The laminar columns 6 can also be arranged or oriented in such a way that the auxiliary surfaces 6b point in one direction or away from one of the ends of the crane beam 2.
    [061] However, it is also fundamentally possible to provide the crane girders 2 of the first crane 1a, which is designed as a single girder crane, with laminar columns 6, which are formed in the second embodiment.
    [062] The tie rods 5 are identical for the two crane beams 2 of the second crane 1b, for example, as is the case with the first crane 1a according to Figure 1a, they are formed in a mirror symmetrical way with respect to the its longitudinal axis LA.
    [063] It is also indicated in Figure 2b that the crane trolley 9 for the cable winch, not illustrated, is not suspended from the lower tracks 4 of the crane beams 2, but instead is attached to their upper tracks 3 For this purpose, a travel path having a corresponding travel surface 3c is provided, preferably centrally, on each of the two upper tracks 3, in such a way that the crane car 9 is arranged between the crane beams 2 and can be moved accordingly, as illustrated in Figure 1b, in the longitudinal direction LR between the travel mechanisms 7, 8 of the second crane 1b.
    [064] Figure 2b also shows that the tie rods 5 are arranged in the manner of a pitched roof in the same way as in the case of the crane beam 2 shown in Figure 2a. However, in this case two adjacent rods 5 are allocated only one column 6, which is formed in a laminar manner, in such a way that the rods 5 and column 6 come into contact with each other at a common resting point UK on the lower tracks 4. Therefore, each of the tie rods 5, together with the associated laminar column 6 in the region of the corresponding lower rest point UK on the lower track 4, forms an identically large second clamping angle α2, which is exactly like the first fixation angle α1 is preferably in a range of 35° to 55° and in particular preferably 45°. Therefore, because of the equal/even number of trusses 5 correspondingly arranged in pairs, the last truss 5 descends in one direction to the lower lane 4 at both ends of the crane beam 2. However, different from the case of the crane beam 2 shown in Figure 2a, a laminar column 6 is also arranged at each end of the crane beam 2 after the last tie rod 5.
    [065] Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the crane beam 2 according to Figure 2a. Figure 3 shows in particular the base structure of the tie-rods 5, which substantially corresponds to the base structure of the columns 6, which are similar in a laminar manner in the second embodiment, but may differ from them in terms of dimensions. Consequently, the statements in relation to Figure 3 also apply to the crane beams 2 shown in Figure 2b and the columns 6 used in this case in the second laminar embodiment. For the sake of simplicity, with respect to the description of Figure 3, reference is made only to tie rods 5; the reference numerals 5a to 5h mentioned in this case similarly designate the corresponding elements of laminar columns 6, which are indicated at the same points with reference numerals 6a to 6h and are listed in the list of reference numerals.
    [066] The tie 5 illustrated in Figure 3 and formed in a laminar manner comprises an elongated shape having a substantially rectangular main surface 5a. The main surface 5a extends along the longitudinal axis LA of the tie rod 5 and in each case in a central region over at least half the width B of the crane beam 2 in a transverse manner with respect to the longitudinal direction LR of the crane beam 2, in particular over at least half the distance between the inner sides of limbs 3a or limbs 4a. Preferably, the rods are produced by means of laser cutting from a sheet of steel. Additionally, the braces 5 have a first lower brace end 5g and a second lower brace end 5h. In particular, two brace feet 5f are formed on the first lower brace end 5g in the region of the lower braces of the brace 5, since the opening 5e is provided centrally on the first lower brace end 5g on the main surface 5a. Aperture 5e has a symmetrically mirrored cross section and approximately trapezoidal with respect to the longitudinal axis LA. The braces 5 are inserted with their first lower brace end 5g between the limbs 4a pointing in a direction upwards from the lower track 4. In this case, the brace feet 5f rest with their longitudinal sides of the main surface 5a, which extend between the lower recesses 5c and the first lower tie end 5g against the inner sides of the limbs 4a of the lower track 4 and are welded to the limbs 4a. However, the legs of the tie rod 5f do not rest on the flat profile 4b of the lower track 4. It is also evident from Figure 3 that the two upper track profiles 3d, 3e rest with their vertical limbs 3a against the corresponding longitudinal sides of the surface. main 5a, which extends between the upper recesses 5d and the second upper rod end 5h, and that a solder connection is established at that location.
    [067] It is also feasible for limbs 3a, 4a not to be evenly spaced apart and separating from each other. Consequently, the outer longitudinal sides of the ends of the stays 5g, 5h, in particular also the feet of the stays 5f, are then spaced at different distances from each other, in order to be able to rest against the limbs 3a, 4a , which are vertically arranged in a non-aligned manner, and to be able to be welded together.
    [068] In the region of the first end of opposite lower tie rods and second opposite upper tie rod end region 5g, 5h, two lower recesses 5c and two upper recesses 5d are provided on both longitudinal sides of the tie rod 5. The lower and upper recesses 5c , 5d join limbs 3a, 4a of the upper and lower races 3, 4 in each case, in order to relieve the load on the weld seam S or at the end of the associated weld seam. Recesses 5c, 5d are circular, preferably shaped as a circular arc when forming.
    [069] Between the upper and lower recesses 5c, 5d, an auxiliary surface 5b which is bent at a right angle and extends parallel to the longitudinal axis LA, adjoins the main surface 5a on each of the longitudinal sides of the tie rod 5 The auxiliary surfaces 5b are formed substantially in a trapezoidal manner. Due to the fact that the auxiliary surfaces 5b are both bent in the same direction, the tie 5 illustrated in Figure 3 has, at least in the region of the auxiliary surfaces 5b, a U-shaped cross section as seen in the direction of the longitudinal axis LA of tie rod 5. It is similarly feasible for the auxiliary surfaces 5b to be bent in opposite directions in such a way that, as seen in the direction of the longitudinal axis LA, a cross section in the shape of a Z would be produced at least partially. By omitting an auxiliary surface 5b or merely providing a single auxiliary surface 5b, the tie rod 5 may also comprise, at least partially in a corresponding manner, an L-shaped cross section as seen in the direction of the longitudinal axis LA . The auxiliary surfaces 5b serve to increase power/warping force of the tie rods 5. The auxiliary surfaces 5b are located on the outside of the limbs 3a, 4a, in such a way that only the unturned regions of the longitudinal sides of the main surfaces 5a are welded together. to limbs 3a, 4a.
    [070] In a possible embodiment, the total length of a tie is 890 mm. In this case, the longitudinal sides of the first lower tie end and the second upper tie end 5g, 5h are each inserted with an insertion length of 80 mm between the limbs 3a, 4a of the upper and lower tracks 3a, 4a or they are welded to limbs 3a, 4a over said length. The spatial gap between the inserted regions of the longitudinal sides and auxiliary surfaces 5b, for example the length of the membrane joints formed in this region, is then 10 mm in each case. Consequently, the auxiliary surfaces 5b have an auxiliary surface length of 530 mm with respect to the longitudinal axis LA, for example, the auxiliary surfaces 5b extend in their longitudinal direction over the auxiliary surface length of 530 mm.
    [071] Therefore, the lengths of the auxiliary surfaces are preferably at a rate of about 40% to 70% of the total length of tie 5 and the insertion lengths are at a rate of about 5% to 15% of the total length of the tie 5.
    [072] Figure 4a shows a side view of one of the two adapters 12, which is arranged on opposite ends of a crane beam 2 for the first crane 1a. Crane beam 2 is designed as a truss having two upper track profiles 3d, 3e. Also shown is a tie rod 5 which is positioned at the first clamping angle α1 with respect to column 6 in the form of a rod.
    [073] Figure 4a also shows the trapezoidal formation of an auxiliary surface 5b of the tie rod 5, which is bent from the main surface 5a. The auxiliary surface 5b is arranged outside the limbs 3a, 4a of the upper and lower races 3, 4 and extends in a vertical plane which includes the longitudinal direction LR of the crane beam 2.
    [074] In order to set the desired length L of the crane beams 2, the adapter 12 is positioned against the upper race 3 and the lower race 4, is directed in the longitudinal direction LR and is welded. For each of the adapters, changes in length of ± 5 millimeters in the LR longitudinal direction can be achieved. Consequently, the crane beam 2 already has almost the entire desired length L before fixing the adapters 12. In this case, the construction of the adapter 12 is selected in such a way that it can be moved for a more precise adjustment of the length L relative to the profiles 3d, 3e, and lower track before welding. In this case, the construction of the adapter 12 is selected in such a way that for the purpose of fine-tuning the length L, it is offset relative to the profiles 3d, 3e and the lower track before welding.
    [075] The end of the crane beam 2 illustrated in Figure 4a shows the end of the truss structure, in which the two upper track profiles 3d, 3e of the upper track 3 are connected to the lower track 4 to form a frame. For this purpose, adapter 12 has two identically shaped rib-like adapter walls 12e which extend in the longitudinal direction LR and are connected at their upper and lower ends to limbs 3a, 4a. In this case, the walls of adapter 12e are spaced apart and spaced apart from each other and are arranged in parallel with each other and in parallel with the limbs 3a, 4a and point with their surfaces consequently in a transverse manner with relation to the longitudinal direction LR of the crane beam 2.
    [076] Each of the walls of the adapters 12e comprises a main part 12f which is formed substantially as a rectangular and planar plate and has four corners E1 to E4. On the upper sides of the adapter walls 12e which connect the first upper corner E1 and the second upper corner E2, a horizontally oriented main plate 12b is positioned over the adapter walls 12e and is welded therein. The main board 12b is formed in a planar and rectangular manner. The vertically directed connector plate 12a is secured to the connecting side of the adapter walls 12e which connect the first corner E1 to the third corner E3 disposed vertically below it. The termination plate 12a is also formed in a planar and rectangular manner, in which the termination plate 12a is projected laterally beyond the adapter walls 12e as seen in the longitudinal direction LR. Therefore, the termination plate 12a and the main plate 12b are substantially disposed at right angles to each other and come into contact, one above the other, in the region of the first corner E1. In the region of the fourth corner E4 lying diagonally opposite the first corner E1, the main part 12f of the adapter walls 12e change to a connecting limb 12g. Connecting limbs 12g adjoin the main part 12f of the respective adapter wall 12e, in this case extending diagonally or obliquely in a downward direction in a directed manner away from the connecting side of the adapter walls 12e. Connecting limbs 12g are flat and elongated in formation and thus substantially resemble, in terms of their basic structure, the structure of limbs 3a, 4a of upper track 3a or lower track 4a.
    [077] In the case of an adapter 12 fixed to the corresponding end of the crane beam 2, the connection to the lower raceway 4, which is formed to be shorter than the upper raceway 3, is possible due to the diagonal progression of the limbs 12g connectors. In this case, the dimensions of the adapter walls 12e, in particular in terms of their main parts 12f and their connecting limbs 12g, are selected in dependence on the space spaced between the upper track 3 and the lower track 4, such that the Connecting limbs 12g reach the lower track 4 and in this case rest on the outside of the limbs 4 and against the outer sides thereof in such a way that they cannot yet be connected or welded together and laterally. Thus, unlike the case of the upper and lower tracks 3, 4 in Figure 3, the limbs 3a of the upper track 3 in Figure 4a are not oriented in each case in a vertically aligned manner with the limbs 4a of the lower track 4, but instead limbs 3a are spaced further apart from each other in the horizontal direction of limbs 4a. Therefore, the connecting rod 12g reaching the lower track 4 and the last rod 5 can also intersect inside or outside the respective limb 4a.
    [078] However, it is also similarly possible for the limbs 3a, 4a to be arranged with respect to each other, as shown in Figure 3 and for the lower ends of the connecting limbs 12g to be inserted at a corresponding distance between the limbs 4a of them in order to be able to be connected there. Consequently, the adapter walls 12e are arranged in such a way as to be spaced so far apart from each other that in the region of the main parts 12f they rest with their outer sides in a two-dimensional manner against the inner sides of the limbs 3a, 3b of the upper track profiles 3d, 3e of the upper track 3 or the lower track 4 in the same way that they rest against the lower free ends of the connecting limbs 12g.
    [079] It is similarly feasible that in the case of the limbs 3a, 4a, which are not equally spaced away from each other, the adapter plates 12 rest with their main parts 12f between the limbs 3a of the upper raceway 3, but with their 12g connecting limbs on the outside of the limbs 4a of the lower track 4 against their outer sides.
    [080] In order to ensure that the adapter 12 or its adapter walls 12e correspondingly and mutually spaced and spaced apart, in particular its 12g connector limbs, acquire adequate rigidity and stability, a 12h closure plate is provided on the lower sides of adapter walls 12e. The closure plate 12h extends starting from the third corner E3 of the main part 12e towards the fourth corner E4 initially horizontally and then diagonally downwardly following the progression of the limbs 12g until it ends at the lower track 4. The closure plate 12h, which is thus formed to be angled in this way, is welded to the undersides of the walls of the adapter 12e. Additionally, a substantially rectangular recess 12i is provided at one end of the closure plate away from the main parts 12f.
    [081] Adaptation to the desired length L of a crane beam 2 is also possible if, contrary to illustration 4a - as, for example, in the case of the second crane 1b - each of the crane beams 2 comprises an upper track 3 having a flat profile 3b. In the case of an upper track 3 which is formed in one piece with a flat profile 3b, the adapter walls 12e are so retracted below the main plate 12b that the adapter 12 rests only with its main plate 12 on the upper track 3 Then, adapter walls 12e no longer rest laterally against limbs 3a, 4a.
    [082] In order to complete the length of the crane beam 2 and compensate for any manufacturing tolerances thereof, the adapter 12 is slid over one end of the crane beam 2, in which its main plate 12b rests two-dimensionally on the top sides of the top lane 3 or the top lane profiles 3d, 3e. The length L which must be adjusted and any required rotations about the previously described horizontal and vertical axes are defined by connecting surfaces 12c of connecting plates 12a disposed on the two ends of crane beam 2, to which connecting surfaces 12c point oppositely , relative to each other, away from the upper races 3. Finally, the length L and direction are adjusted in a dimensionally exact manner since the adapter 12 which rests with the main plate 12b on the upper race 3 it is, in the longitudinal direction LR, displaced and rotated accordingly. In order to fix the length L and the direction adjusted in this way, the adapter 12 is then welded to the upper race 3 and the lower race 4.
    [083] However, it is also possible to initially slide an adapter 12 without a termination plate 12a over the end of the crane beam and adjust the length L. The termination plate 12a is then finally soldered in order to drive the two termination plates facing 12a additionally with each other, since the connecting plates 12a are already provided with holes 12d, via which the travel mechanisms 7, 8 are fixed to the adapters 12 and thus to the corresponding crane beam 2.
    [084] Figure 4b shows a view of adapter 12, which is slid over one end of crane beam 2, as seen in the longitudinal direction LR of crane beam 2. It is apparent that main plate 12b is horizontally directed from adapter 12 rests on top track 3 or on top track profiles 3d, e3 thereof. This is joined by vertically oriented connector plate 12a with holes 12d to secure one of the travel mechanisms 7, 8, not illustrated here. Underneath the termination plate 12a is arranged a closure plate 12h on which the end facing the lower track 4, the recess 12i is provided. Through the recess 12i it is possible to see a brace 5, which is inserted with its brace feet 5f between the limbs 4a of the flat profile 4b with the brace feet 5f between the limbs 4a of the flat profile 4b of the lower track 4. Indicated on the outer longitudinal sides of the tie-rod feet 5f is in each case one of the weld seams S by which the tie-rod 5 is fastened to the lower race 4. List of reference numbers 1a first crane 1b second crane 2 crane girder 3 upper track 3a limb 3b flat profile 3c running surface 3d first upper track profile 3e second upper track profile 4 lower track 4a limb 4b flat profile 4c running surface 5 tie rod 5a main surface 5b auxiliary surface 5c lower recess 5d upper recess 5e opening 5f tie-rod foot 5g first tie-rod end 5h second tie-rod end 6 post 6a main surface 6b auxiliary surface 6c lower recess 6d upper recess perior 6e opening 6f column feet 6g first column end 6h second column end 7 first travel mechanism 7a first electric motor 8 second travel mechanism 8a Second electric motor 9 crane trolley 10 crane controller 11 pendant control switch 12 adapter 12a connecting plate 12b main plate 12c connecting surface 12d holes 12e adapter wall 12f main part 12g connector limb 12h closing plate 12i recess α1 first fixing angle α2 second fixing angle B width E1 first corner E2 second corner E3 third corner E4 fourth corner F travel direction L length LA longitudinal axis LR longitudinal direction OK upper resting point (node) S weld seam UK lower resting point (node)
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [0001]
    1. Crane, in particular an elevated crane or an overhead crane, comprising at least one crane girder (2), which extends horizontally and is designed as a truss with a plurality of trusses (5), on which girder a crane car (9) with a lifting gear can be moved, in which at least some of the stays (5) are designed having a flat shape, characterized in that each of the stays with a flat shape (5) has a surface main plane (5a), which extends in each case transversely with respect to a longitudinal direction (LR) of the crane beam (2), whose flat-shaped tie rods (5) have an elongated shape and comprise in the region of its longitudinal sides in each case at least one bent auxiliary surface (5b) which joins the main surface (5a) and to at least one auxiliary surface (5b) is pointed transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction (LR) of the beam of and crane (2), whose tie rods (5) have opposite tie rod ends (5g, 5h), the auxiliary surfaces (5b) are arranged on the outside of the tie rod ends (5g, 5h) and the length of the auxiliary surface ( 5b) is in a range of 40% to 70% of the total length of the tie rod (5).
    [0002]
    2. Crane according to claim 1, characterized in that all tie rods (5) are designed with a flat shape.
    [0003]
    3. Crane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the main surfaces (5a) of the tie rods (5) extend over at least half the width (B) of the crane beam (2).
    [0004]
    4. Crane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tie rods (5), as seen in the direction of their longitudinal axes (LA), have an "L", "U" shaped cross section ” or “Z”, as seen at the level of their auxiliary surfaces (5b).
    [0005]
    5. Crane according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that lower and upper recesses (5c, 5d) are provided on the main surfaces (5a) of the tie rods (5) on their longitudinal sides and an opening ( 5e) is provided on its narrow underside, which are arranged in each case in the region of a first and/or a second tie rod end (5g, 5h).
    [0006]
    6. Crane according to claim 5, characterized in that the auxiliary surfaces (5b) are arranged between the lower and upper recesses (5c, 5d).
    [0007]
    7. Crane according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the crane beam (2) comprises at least one upper track (3), which extends linearly in a longitudinal direction (LR ) thereof, and at least one lower track (4) arranged parallel to it, where the upper track (3) and the lower track (4) are connected to each other by means of a plurality of tie rods (5) arranged along the longitudinal direction (LR) of the crane beam (2).
    [0008]
    8. Crane according to claim 7, characterized in that the upper race (3) and the lower race (4) are connected to each other by a plurality of columns (6) arranged along the longitudinal direction (LR) of the crane beam (2).
    [0009]
    9. Crane according to claim 8, characterized in that each of the columns (6) is arranged close to at least one tie rod (5), where each of the tie rods (5) forms the corresponding column (6) in a clamping angle (α1, α2) of the same size.
    [0010]
    10. Crane according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the columns (6), in a similar way to the tie rods (5), are designed to have a flat shape.
    [0011]
    11. Crane according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the crane (1b) comprises two crane beams (2) which are arranged in parallel and with a spaced apart, one from the other.
    [0012]
    12. Crane according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the tie rods with a flat shape (5) and the columns are fixed to the upper raceway (3) and the lower raceway (4) by means of seams of weld (S), whose weld seams are arranged exclusively on the longitudinal sides of the respective main surfaces (5a, 6a).
    [0013]
    13. Crane according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that each of the upper race (3) and the lower race (4) have members mutually facing each other (3a, 4a) , and the tie rods (5) and columns (6) are welded exclusively to the inner sides of the members (3a, 4a).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20150053636A1|2015-02-26|
    JP2015515425A|2015-05-28|
    AU2013241726A1|2014-10-16|
    EP2838830A1|2015-02-25|
    CN104395224B|2017-07-21|
    AU2013241726B2|2016-12-01|
    ES2563059T3|2016-03-10|
    CA2865266C|2019-11-19|
    JP6026638B2|2016-11-16|
    IN2014DN07458A|2015-04-24|
    WO2013144314A1|2013-10-03|
    KR101996114B1|2019-07-03|
    CN202766132U|2013-03-06|
    EP2838830B1|2015-12-09|
    BR112014018580A2|2017-07-04|
    MX2014011685A|2015-01-22|
    CA2865266A1|2013-10-03|
    MX347905B|2017-05-18|
    US9540216B2|2017-01-10|
    KR20150002612A|2015-01-07|
    DE102012102808A1|2013-10-02|
    CN104395224A|2015-03-04|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-04| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: KONECRANES GLOBAL CORPORATION (FI) |
    2020-02-04| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-04-06| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-05-18| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 28/03/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102012102808.7|2012-03-30|
    DE102012102808A|DE102012102808A1|2012-03-30|2012-03-30|Crane, in particular overhead crane or gantry crane, with at least one crane girder|
    PCT/EP2013/056763|WO2013144314A1|2012-03-30|2013-03-28|Crane, particularly bridge crane or gantry crane, comprising at least one crane girder|
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